Diseases Caused By Malfunctioning Gene Regulation
Mutations
- Point mutations- changes in one DNA nucleotide pair. This could lead to nonfunctional proteins
- Missense mutations- A nucleotide-pair substitution that results in a codon that coeds for a different amino acid
- Nonsense mutations- A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to a stop codon, this shortens the protein and makes it nonfunctional
- Frameshift mutation- When nucleotides are inserted in or deleted from a gene and the amount is not a multiple of three. This results an improper grouping of codons
- Missense and nonsense mutations are caused by nucleotide-pair substitution
- Nucleotide-pair insertions and deletions can create frameshift mutations
- Other mutations occur when there is a problem during DNA replication and recombination
- Mutagens (physical and chemical) also can alter genes
Roisen Review Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h-4mU8pyFc&feature=related